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Validation ​

qkd is checked against published numbers in two tiers, each with its own success criterion and failure meaning. Both run as MDR exams; one exam is a declared skip.

The scoreboard ​

Theory: qkd reproduces what a paper computed. Experiment: qkd reproduces what a paper measured, at a stated number of fitted parameters. A family can be green on the first and empty on the second.

A green row can answer an easier question than its neighbour. Every anchor reachable from q. outside Gaussian modulation and BB84-WCP is asymptotic; six-state on a single-photon source, MDI-BB84, RRDPS and mode pairing have finite-key anchors in qkd._core. Refused finite-key analyses, per family: Security.

The two tiers are not one score ​

A Tier A green cell: qkd and the paper computed the same quantity and got the same number, every input pinned. A Tier B green cell: physical parameters inside declared ranges reproduce a measurement. Tier B is strictly weaker, and its parameter count is part of the claim.

Tier ATier B
Free parametersnonenamed, counted, and bounded in the Tier B table
Targetthe paper's own computed valuethe paper's measured observables
Successequality to the quoted precision, or a correctly-signed inequalityinside the stated uncertainty, from fitted values that are themselves plausible
A failure meansa bug, or a convention mismatchthe noise model is falsified; a fit needing an absurd parameter falsifies it louder than a miss
Costmilliseconds on the debug build: pinning collapses run() to closed forma fit, reported with its free parameters

The theory axis has three levels, and they are not interchangeable ​

"It matches the paper" is not an answer. Every Tier A cell carries a qualifier, and the qualifier is the claim.

LevelQualifierMeans
1✅ exactthe same quantity, agreeing to numerical precision. The tolerance is round-off, 10−12 to 10−16, not chosen here
1, at the source's precision✅ valuesa published constant, table or figure reproduced to the digits the source prints. The source's last digit is the tolerance: the same number, a weaker agreement than exact
2✅ bounda correctly-signed inequality; not the same number
3⚙ structuralno published number, but the behaviour the source requires
orthogonal to level⚠️ pinned inputone input read from the literature rather than derived, named in the exam

In Tier B the qualifier is a count of free parameters. A prediction the fit did not reach is a declared miss, kept rather than tuned away.

The board ​

Protocol familyReached throughTier A — theory, nothing fittedTier B — experiment, parameters fitted
Gaussian modulation, homodyneq.Link✅ values — Lodewyck 2007's three printed kb/s figures✅ 3 assumed — default metro link inside the measured ξ envelope
Gaussian modulation, heterodyneq.Link✅ bound — Jain 2022✅ 3 fitted — Hajomer 2024, ξ within 1%; key rate bounded, with a documented shortfall
Long-distance / worst-case CVq.Link✅ bound — Zhang 2020✅ 0 fitted — Zhang's six measured points, each at its own published parameters
Finite-size machineryq.FiniteSize, q.KeyBlock⚙ structural — Leverrier 2010 (continuous variable) and Lim et al. 2014 (decoy BB84)— not applicable
Differential phase shiftq.Link⚙ structural — WTY 2006; QBER derived✅ 4 fitted — Diamanti et al. 2006; ✅ 3 fitted — their full 3.4% with timing jitter, exactly determined; ✅ 1 fitted — Takesue et al. 2007's 42.1 dB reach, where qkd and the paper evaluate the same expression
Round-robin differential phase shiftqkd._core✅ values — Yin et al. Table 1 in both columns, and their reading of the L=65 run✅ 1 fitted — Takesue, Sasaki, Tamaki & Koashi, Nat. Photon. 9, 827, arXiv:1505.07914, 30 km (ExpTakesueTrain)
Coherent one wayq.Link⚙ structural ⚠️ pinned input — Gao et al. 2022 reach, phase-error bound read off their figure; ✅ bound — the certified COW′ bound, SDP · Bound✅ 1 fitted — Stucki et al. 2009 QBER curve to 250 km; ✅ 2 fitted — Korzh et al. 2015 to 307 km. Both papers' rates bounded, not reproduced
Decoy statesq.Decoy✅ values — Ma, Qi, Zhao & Lo 2005 on the GYS set✅ 0 fitted on the background anchor, 1 fitted on the rate — Lucamarini et al. 2013's T12, the first decoy observables reproduced
BB84 with weak coherent pulsesq.BasisKeying✅ values — GLLP (Gottesman, Lo, Lütkenhaus & Preskill, QIC 5, 325 (2004)) with decoy on the GYS set; ✅ bound — the finite-key length below Zhang, Zhao, Razavi & Ma 2017✅ 2 fitted — Gobby, Yuan & Shields 2004 over 122 km
Six-stateq.BasisKeying(bases=3)✅ exact — Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1301 App. A, Eqs. (A4)–(A6); ✅ values — the 12.6% threshold at 12.6193%✅ 0 fitted on the anchor, 1 fitted on the partial-attack leg — Enzer et al. 2002
SARG04q.BasisKeying(announce="pair")✅ exact — Fung, Tamaki & Lo Eq. (34); ✅ values — 9.689% and 2.710% tolerable, 97.2 km with decoy✅ 1 fitted — Jeong et al. 2014, BB84 and SARG04 on one rig
B92q.TwoStateKeying✅ values — Tamaki & Lütkenhaus's three depolarising thresholds at 0.03379, 0.02313, 0.01215✅ 1 fitted — Hughes et al. 1999 over 48 km; ✅ 1 fitted — Gordon et al. 2004's QBER curve to 9.96 km
E91, priced by the violationq.ViolationBound✅ exact — Acín et al.'s S=22(1−2Q) bridge, Pironio et al. Eq. (12); ✅ values — the 7.1% threshold at 7.149%✅ 0 fitted — Naik et al. 2000; ✅ 0 fitted — Ling et al. 2008
Discrete modulation, M-PSKq.PhaseShiftKeying✅ values — Denys, Brown & Leverrier 2021 from primary sources; Ghorai et al. 2019 QPSK curve to <0.5%✅ 0 fitted — Hajomer et al. 2024's four 10 GBaud rows, as a ceiling
Continuous-variable relay (CV-MDI)q.Swap✅ values — zero crossings and asymmetry against Pirandola et al. 2015; PLOB as a ceiling✅ 0 fitted — Hajomer et al. 2025 over 10 km
Basis-keyed relay (MDI-BB84)q.Swap✅ values — Ma & Razavi 2012's closed forms at their own limits, Xu et al. 2013's joint decoy bound sandwiched, Lo, Curty & Qi's stated 40 dB tolerance✅ 1 fitted — Rubenok et al. 2013, sixteen measured gains and eight error rates
Mode-pairing / asynchronous MDIqkd._core✅ values — Zeng et al. 2022's two closed-form intensity optima; ⚙ structural — the η exponent at 0.5018 and the repeaterless crossing✅ 0 fitted — Zhu, Huang, Liu, Zeng, Zou, Dai, Tang, Li, You, Wang, Chen, Ma, Chen & Pan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 030801 (2023), arXiv:2208.05649, 101–407 km (ExpZhuPairing)
Entanglement-based basis keying (BBM92)q.PairLink✅ exact — Ma, Fung & Lo 2007 Eqs. (9)–(10) against an independent four-detector enumeration; Acín et al. 2007's χ(S) endpoints and 7.1% threshold✅ 1 fitted — Honjo et al. 2008 over 100 km
Loss-tolerant source flawsqkd._core✅ exact — Pereira, Curty & Tamaki's printed yield to 10−15 and their Eq. (33) bit error rate; ⚙ structural — the loss-tolerant theorem's own equality✅ 0 fitted — Xu, Wei, Sajeed, Kaiser, Sun, Tang, Qian, Makarov & Lo, "Experimental quantum key distribution with source flaws", Phys. Rev. A 92, 032305 (2015), arXiv:1408.3667, three distances (ExpXuFlaws). ⚠️ Not test/flaws.py, which uses Xu's flaw magnitude only as MIZ_FLAW, Mizutani's simulation setting, and reproduces none of Mizutani's Figs. 2–7
Certified COW′ phase error (SDP)qkd._core✅ bound — at or below Gao et al.'s Cauchy–Schwarz estimator at every operating point, at or above the honest channel; ⚙ structural — the η2 exponent, the doubled rate, the extended reach✅ 1 fitted — Cao, Sun, Li, Lu, Yin & Chen, Sci. Adv. 12, eaec2776, arXiv:2601.06772, four distances and both records (ExpCaoVacuum)
Detector attacksq.attacks✅ values — Qin et al.'s level-II displacement, 19.54 against their stated 19.5, and ξlin=2.1 SNU under a full intercept-resend; ✅ values — Lydersen 2010's blinding powers, Zhao 2008's Table I, Qi's r=0.2 crossing, Weier 2011's Table I✅ 0 fitted — Zhao's time-shift counts, Weier's seven blinding intensities, Lydersen's threshold ratio
Reconciliation and post-processingq.reconcile✅ values — Jouguet et al. Tables I–III; Martinez-Mateo et al. Eqs. (4) and (6) turning their Table 3's columns into one another; simulated Cascade's counted parities reproduce their fEC at 1.04006 and 1.04313 — a quantity they obtained by running the algorithm, hence Tier A— not applicable: their fEC measures an algorithm, not hardware
Truncated-Fock / non-Gaussianq.fock✅ values — closed-form Wigner values and the |1⟩ negativity volume✅ 0 fitted — Lvovsky et al. 2001's measured Wigner dip
Discrete modulation, the certified proofqkd._core (dm_secure)✅ exact — the reduced relative entropy against an explicit numpy construction of the Kraus image to 10−12, and the analytic gradient against central differences of that objective; ✅ bound — the step-2 certificate never above the step-1 Frank–Wolfe value nor the repeaterless capacity, and looser after one step than after fifteen; ⚙ structural — LUL19 Sec. IV E's postselection gain, and reach past where the analytic bound has died❌ none
Photon-number-resolving detectionq.ThresholdArray, q.PnrDetector✅ exact — the one-element array reproduces click.rs's threshold law to 2 ulp over efficiency, dark rate and flux, and the occupancy recursion agrees with the closed inclusion–exclusion form in exact rational arithmetic; ⚙ structural — completeness and positivity on the truncated space, and a shortfall from true number resolution first order in 1/N with coefficient n(n−1)/2❌ none
Transmitted local oscillatorq.TransmittedLO✅ exact — every quantity reduces to the locally generated path as the oscillator is made local, the key-rate difference exactly zero across trust modes and both detectors, and the reconstruction at a transparent channel is the Gaussian layer's two-mode squeezed vacuum; ✅ values — Jouguet, Kunz-Jacques & Diamanti's calibration point, a shot-noise ratio of 1.525 erasing a full intercept-resend at T=η=0.5❌ none — but it bears on two green rows; below
Finite key, six-stateqkd._core (sixstate_finite)⚙ structural — Scarani & Renner's Lemmas 1–3: never above the asymptotic rate at any block, bias or error rate, monotone in the block, exactly zero past the 12.6193% asymptotic crossing, an interior optimum in the basis bias; ✅ values — convergence onto sixstate_secret as 1/n, gap 1.5e-8 at N=1022— not applicable
Finite key, MDI-BB84 / RRDPS / mode pairingqkd._core✅ values — rrdps_split returns Takesue et al.'s five hand-fixed values, and Xie et al.'s printed 2.4×10−9 security bound comes back from a 24-term composition at ε=10−10; ⚙ structural — convergence onto the asymptotic rates at exponents −0.5001 (MDI-BB84), −0.5006 (RRDPS, exact rather than approached) and −1.0001 (mode pairing, counts supplied exactly so the whole gap is the epsilon budget)❌ none
The repeaterless-capacity envelopecross-family✅ exact — an ideal reverse-reconciled homodyne link sits at exactly half the PLOB capacity at every transmittance, residual 7.7×10−12 after removing a deficit first order in 1/VA; ⚙ structural — ten families, each maximised over its own intensity, under the capacity at every transmittance from 0.9 to 10−4, worst approach 0.677; the two legitimate escapes pinned with their crossings— not applicable
Network layer (key management, not physics)q.Network— no bound to reproduce✅ 1 fitted — Sharma et al. 2026's MAQAN testbed, with a 40.72× declared miss
Distinction inside Tier ARow by row
Exact versus inequalityLodewyck is the one Gaussian-modulation row computing the identical quantity, at the source's printed three significant figures: a values row, not exact. Zhang and Jain publish finite-size or composable rates, which an asymptotic point estimate must exceed
Numeric versus structuralthe Leverrier and WTY rows reproduce no published number; they check the machinery behaves as the source requires. The DPS protocol under the bound is anchored by the click exams against e=(1−V)/2 and e=12(1−e−σ2/2), σ2=2πΔνd/fsym; the WTY bound meets a measured rate at Diamanti's 100 km point in Tier B

The network row's Tier B cell is green on reachability and on its controller's two reroute thresholds only. Its rate prediction is a declared miss at 40.72×, not a reproduction.

Open in Tier BWhy
The relative-entropy proof for discrete modulationits published comparisons are calculations; a row needs a fielded discrete-modulation run at parameters the proof accepts. Nearest published-data check: not pinned
Photon-number-resolving detectionnothing here reaches a key rate. A row needs a published PNR characterisation stating element count, efficiency and background beside measured click statistics
Finite key for MDI-BB84, RRDPS and mode pairingno fielded run publishes a block size and an epsilon budget beside its counts
Transmitted local oscillatornot for want of an experiment: the two closest are green rows under a different engine (below)

Tier A — theory anchors, exact ​

Pin everything the paper states — T, ξ, VA, η, vel, β — and the closed form must reproduce the published rate. A discrepancy is a bug or a convention mismatch: the SNU factor, the ξ plane, the heterodyne 3 dB term.

The continuous-variable rows ​

AnchorConfigurationReproduced
Lodewyck et al. 2007, 25 km (arXiv:0706.4255)homodyne, trusted, asymptoticvalues: IAB=1.0436, χBE=0.9020, K=0.0352 bit/symbol. The paper prints them as rates at 350 kHz — IAB=365, χBE=316, ΔIHolevoeff=12.3 kb/s — and qkd returns 365.28, 315.72 and 12.304, each the published figure to the three digits printed. The paper's other printing, "I(X,Y)=1.045" bit/symbol, disagrees with its own 365 kb/s (365.75) and is not what this row reads
Zhang et al. 2020, 202.81 km (arXiv:2001.02555)homodyne, trusted, worst-case ξ=0.0383K=5.5×10−5 bit/symbol, upper-bounding their finite-size 1.24×10−6
Jain et al. 2022, 20 km LLO (arXiv:2110.09262)heterodyne, trusted receiverasymptotic K≈0.067, exceeding their composable worst-case 0.027
Leverrier et al. 2010 (arXiv:1005.0339)finite-size machinerythree properties: below asymptotic, convergence to (1−pPE)×asymptotic, exact zero at small N
Denys, Brown & Leverrier 2021 (arXiv:2103.13945)M-PSK, heterodyne, collective attacksconstellation moments and the certified correlation to 10−12, against the paper's LaTeX source and its reference implementation, not a plot; plus the Gaussian-limit lock — dm_holevo at an unbounded alphabet reproduces cv_rate to 5×10−12
Ghorai, Grangier, Diamanti & Leverrier 2019 (PRX 9, 021059)QPSK, linear-objective SDP, α=0.35rate-versus-distance curve to better than 0.5% at every point, dying at 74.1 km against a published 73.6 — read from a figure digitisation (Fig. 9 of Lin, Upadhyaya & Lütkenhaus 2019), so the exam pins qkd's own values at a loose tolerance
Pirandola et al. 2015, High-rate quantum cryptography in untrusted networks, Nat. Photon. 9, 397 (arXiv:1312.4104)CV relay, pure-loss armssymmetric zero crossing τ=0.83879, 3.82 km per arm against their 0.84 / 3.8; decoder-side crossing e/(1+e)=0.7310586, 6.80 km, against 0.73 / 6.8, in closed form to 10−6. Against a calculation, not an experiment: W4
Number-state and cat closed formstruncated Fockvacuum W(0,0)=1/π and Q(0,0)=1/(2π) exactly; the |1⟩ negativity volume 0.4261636 against the exact 4/e−2=0.4261226; even/odd cat W(0,0)=±1/π to 10−9. The volume is on the exam's 3012 grid over ±6; the module default window gives 0.4262150. A negativity without its grid and cutoff is not a number

The threshold-detector and qubit rows ​

AnchorConfigurationReproduced
Waks–Takesue–Yamamoto 2006 (quant-ph/0508112)DPS, individual attacksfour structural properties: e=0 limit, monotonicity, domain saturation at 6/38, μ≥1/2. Their Eq. (37) as printed cannot be evaluated: E1
Ma, Qi, Zhao & Lo 2005 (quant-ph/0503005)vacuum+weak decoy, GYS hardwareSec. 3.1 and Figs. 1–2: μopt=0.48 at f(e)=1.22 and 0.54 at the Shannon limit; Y1 3.5% below and e1 16.8% above the infinite-decoy values at 40 km; maximum secure distance 140.55 km against the infinite-decoy 142.05 km
BB84-WCP on the same GYS setGLLP, fed the infinite-decoy (Q1,e1)positive at 140 km and zero by 145 km; 2.55×10−3 bit/pulse back to back and 1.72×10−5 at 100 km; rate linear in η to a log–log slope of 1.00±0.05
Lim, Curty, Walenta, Xu & Zbinden 2014 (arXiv:1311.7129)decoy BB84 finite key, GYS hardwarethe counted-event bounds reduce to the rate-based decoy layer: s1/N→τ1y1q2 and ϕ→e1, each from the conservative side, s0/N→τ0Y0q2; the length is whole bits, rises with the block, falls with distance, never exceeds the asymptotic rate. Two printing errors: E6
Zhang, Zhao, Razavi & Ma 2017 (arXiv:1611.02524)the same protocol under a tighter concentration inequalitytheir Table 3 BB84 row, N=1010 at 100 km, gives 3.04×10−6 bit/pulse. Lim's Hoeffding bound must not exceed it and certifies nothing there at any basis bias: the additive deviation on the total detection count swamps a vacuum line six decades smaller. A hundredfold longer block clears their figure
Gao et al. 2022, COW (arXiv:2107.09329)post-zero-error-attack analysispositive within 100 km, below 10−5 bit/pulse there, quadratic in η and so below decoy BB84 at range
Bruß 1998 and Scarani et al. 2009, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1301, App. Asix-state, one-way, Bell-diagonalexact: Eq. (A4) against Eq. (A5) as printed to 5×10−15, the depolarising Eq. (A6) to 10−15; Bell-diagonal weights from Renner, Gisin & Kraus, PRA 72, 012332 (2005), Eq. (10). Secret-fraction zero crossing 12.6193%, rounding to the review's 12.61% after Eq. (A6) and within 2×10−4 of Lo's 12.6%, against BB84's 11.003% on the same arithmetic
Fung, Tamaki & Lo 2006, PRA 73, 012337 (quant-ph/0510025)SARG04, unconditional, one and two photonsexact: the engine's phase bound is their Eq. (34) at a=0 regrouped, 10−15 from the printed expression. Tolerable bit error rates 9.689% against 9.68% and 2.710% against 2.71%; the two-photon floor at sin2⁡(π/8) exactly; decoy secure distance 97.2 km; distance ceilings e1=1/3 at 207.68 km and Theorem 2's (3−2)/7 at 201.43 km. Eq. (39)'s entropy subscript cannot be read literally: E5; Tamaki & Lo's two-photon parenthetical sits at the wrong minimiser: E4
Branciard et al. and Niederberger et al., photon-number splitting ceilingsSARG04 against BB84optimised ceilings scale as t3/2 (SARG04) and t2 (BB84), peaking at μ=2t (Branciard Eq. (107)) and μ=t (Niederberger Eq. (29)); at its optimum the ceiling equals Branciard's (η/3)h2(p1)t3/2 with h2(p1)=0.60088. The curves cross once, at 7.70 km of 0.25 dB/km fibre
Tamaki & Lütkenhaus 2004, PRA 69, 032316 (quant-ph/0308048)plain B92, lossy and noisytolerable depolarising rates 0.03379, 0.02313, 0.01215 against 0.034, 0.023, 0.012 at L=0, 0.2, 0.5. The phase bound reaches exactly 1/2 at loss equal to the state overlap, so the rate arrives at zero with nothing refused. The e-print's depolarising channel drops a p/3: E9
Koashi 2004, PRL 93, 120501 (quant-ph/0403131)strong-reference B92the O(t) branch, linear in the small-ηtμ sense: chord log–log slope over t∈[10−4,0.1] is 0.99968 at μ=0.05 and 0.99367 at μ=1
Ekert 1991, PRL 67, 661; Acín et al. 2007 (quant-ph/0702152); Pironio et al. 2009E91 priced by the CHSH violationexact: the error bridge inverts Acín's S=22(1−2Q) to 10−15; the rate reproduces Pironio et al. Eq. (12) term for term to 10−14. The CHSH-priced rate vanishes at 7.149% against the photon-pair engine's 11.003%; the violation is lost at (2−2)/4=14.645%. No key rate is built on a device-independent claim (why)
Ma & Razavi 2012 (arXiv:1204.4856)MDI-BB84 forward model, weak coherent pulsesfour parameter-free limits of their Eqs. (21), (23), (35), (39), (51)–(54): Y11→ηaηb/2 exactly, the 1/2 the linear-optics Bell-measurement ceiling; e11→ed and EZ→ed exactly without dark counts; EX→14+ed/2, to 10−9 at μ=10−8; QX/QZ→2. Their Eq. (7) single-photon-source rate is recovered from Xu et al.'s Eq. (1), not coded twice
Xu, Curty, Qi & Lo 2013 (arXiv:1305.6965)MDI-BB84 joint decoy bound, Eq. (1) and Table 2the three-intensity Y11 lower bound sandwiched against the forward model over decoy strengths, off-centre relays and both case-split branches: strictly below the true yield, monotonically tightening, within 1% at ν=0.005. The e11X upper bound returns the misalignment where the raw test-basis QBER reads a quarter
Lo, Curty & Qi 2012 (arXiv:1109.1473)MDI-BB84 reach, standard parameter settheir more than 40 dB tolerance, about 200 km, holds: positive at 200 km, dead by 260. Three-intensity secure distance 230.5379 km / 46.1076 dB; 4.679772×10−6 bit per pulse pair at 100 km; log–log slope against end-to-end transmittance 1.03695, BB84-WCP's scaling class (1.01)
Zeng, Zhou, Wu & Ma 2022, Nat. Commun. 13, 3903 (arXiv:2201.04300)mode-pairing / asynchronous MDItheir two closed-form intensity optima off a sweep: 1/2 when the pairing window holds several clicks, 1 when at most one. Rate as the square root of end-to-end transmittance, log–log slope 0.5018 against BB84-WCP's 1.01 and MDI-BB84's 1.037; above the repeaterless capacity of its own transmittance from 282.7 km / 46.6 dB to 673.4 km; neighbour-only pairing returns the linear exponent. Their Eq. (122) repeaterless bound is 11% wrong by 160 dB; the comparison uses -log1p(-eta)/ln 2. The arXiv id is routinely given wrong: W8, W9
Ma, Fung & Lo 2007 (quant-ph/0703122)entanglement-PDC pair source, threshold detectorsEqs. (9) and (10) against an independent four-detector enumeration: worst gain residual 3.1×10−16, worst E⋅Q residual 3.8×10−16 over λ∈[10−4,3], η∈[0.02,1]. The enumeration settles Eq. (10)'s denominator exponent: the squared reading misses by 7% at λ=0.1 while agreeing to 0.03% at λ=10−3. Also their Table 1 hardware (η=14.5%, ed=1.5%, Y0=6.02×10−6, f=1.22), optimal μ=2λ staying O(1) across 25 dB, and log–log slope 1.02 in end-to-end transmittance
Tamaki, Curty, Kato, Lo & Azuma 2014, PRA 90, 052314 (arXiv:1312.3514), with Pereira, Curty & Tamaki 2019, npj QI 5, 62 (arXiv:1902.02126)loss-tolerant analysis with state-preparation flawsexact: Pereira's printed yield to 10−15 and their Eq. (33) bit error rate wherever their closed form stays below 1/2. Structurally, the phase error from inverting the rejected data equals the one from measuring the virtual states Alice never sends, and barely moves across forty decibels of loss. At the smaller published flaw, tilt −δ, the quantum-coin analysis stops distilling at 28.766343 dB and the loss-tolerant one at 57.775328 dB: a 29.008984 dB gap that is the worst-case assumption, not a security margin
Seksaria & Prabhakar (2026), Sec. VI D, tightening Gao et al., Opt. Express 30, 23783 (2022) (arXiv:2107.09329)COW′ certified phase error, by semidefinite programmecertified worst case at or below the Cauchy–Schwarz estimator at every operating point and at or above the honest channel's phase error. The certified rate is about twice the analytic one at each bound's own optimum, falls as η2, and survives 100 km where the analytic one has stopped. Reach is a declared miss; feeding the whole pulse reproduces the source's zero-distance phase errors, 0.235 analytic and 0.155 certified, to the digit
Qin, Kumar & Alléaume 2016, PRA 94, 012325 (arXiv:1511.01007)homodyne saturation attackvalues: Sec. VII.3.1's ξlin=2.1 SNU under a full intercept-resend and the unbiased transmittance at G=2, exactly; the level-II displacement at 31 km, 19.54 against a stated 19.5, partly published, VA coming from the exam's fixed-SNR rule. sat_gain holds T^=T to 10−12 — a root-finder self-consistency residual, not a published number — solving the corrected Eq. (19). Eq. (17)'s factor 2 is a typesetting loss, confirmed against the authors' thesis: E7, E7b, E7c
Jouguet, Kunz-Jacques & Diamanti 2013, PRA 87, 062313 (arXiv:1304.7024)local-oscillator calibration attackEqs. (7) and (8) at T=η=0.5: a full intercept-resend's 2.1 SNU behind a shot-noise overestimate of 1.5, which the paper calls "close to zero". Parameters and phrase are theirs; the two numbers are derived and printed nowhere — exactly 1/15=0.06667 SNU reported, and 61/40=1.525 drives it to zero. Eq. (3) carries a sign error: E10
Qi, Fung, Lo & Ma 2007, QIC 7, 73 (quant-ph/0512080) and Fung, Tamaki, Qi, Lo & Ma 2009, QIC 9, 131 (arXiv:0802.3788)detection-efficiency mismatchEq. (2) gives 0 at r=0, 1/2 at r=1, crossing the intercept-resend 1/4 at their stated r=0.2; a mismatch of 2 gives their h(2/3)=0.9183 ceiling, symmetric under r→1/r. Fung et al. Eqs. (32)–(34): matched detectors make the two forms identical; a mismatch makes the data-discarding form larger by exactly (1−share)h(ebit)
Jouguet, Kunz-Jacques & Leverrier 2011, PRA 84, 062317 (arXiv:1110.0100)multi-edge LDPC reconciliationTable I efficiencies 95.9%, 97.2%, 98.1% as R over the binary-input capacity at the quoted threshold — the rate-1/2 code's 98.2% returns 0.9817 against the Gaussian-input capacity's 0.9502, which identifies the channel the published β is measured against. All fifteen rows of Tables II and III at d=0,1,2,4,8, largest deviation 0.0070 at rate 0.02, where the threshold is printed to two decimals
Martinez-Mateo, Pacher, Peev, Ciurana & Martin 2015, QIC 15, 453 (arXiv:1407.3257)CascadeEq. (4) turns Table 3's fEC column into its β column in all twelve rows to 5×10−5, the rounding of four printed decimals, round-tripping to 10−9; Eq. (6) turns fEC and the frame error rate into the ηEC column in all twelve rows to 3×10−5. Their near-optimal block rule reproduces the first three block sizes of nine of twelve rows; the three it misses are named
Yin, Wang, Chen, Han, Wang, Guo & Han 2018, Nat. Commun. 9, 457 (arXiv:1702.01260)round-robin DPSTable 1's tolerable bit error rate at every tabulated train length under the original bound and their collective one, including L=3, where the original certifies nothing; their reading of the L=65 run of Wang et al., Nat. Photon. 9, 832 (2015) — R1=5×10−8 to 5×10−10, R2=1.44×10−6 to 10−8, twenty-nine times the first. Three published assemblies of the cost are ordered rrdps_gllp ≤ rrdps_tag ≤h2(rrdps_phase) at every argument. The L=65 paper is routinely mis-cited, W6; the RRDPS source paper has no arXiv version, W7
RowCaveat
BB84-WCPcomposes GLLP from an infinite-decoy closed form in the exam, not from decoy_bounds: it anchors the rate composition and the GYS channel, and the 140–145 km crossing is insensitive to the finite-decoy estimator. That estimator: Decoy · Anchors, Decoy · Sandwich, reduced to its infinite-decoy limit by Cross-engine · Decoy
Denyschecked against the paper's source and its authors' ancillary implementation, removing the plot-reading error. The Gaussian-limit lock is internal consistency, not a literature anchor: two independent layers agreeing where they describe the same physics, both in SNU with ξ at the channel input
DecoyMa, Qi, Zhao and Lo's Eq. (7) yields carry a double-count correction — a pulse that arrives and draws a background click is one detection — which their Eq. (10) drops. A stated approximation, not an error: Eq. (10) is printed with ≅ and the smallness assumption follows (W1). qkd keeps the correction; dropping it put the Y1 lower bound above its infinite-decoy ceiling. The forward gain sits about 10−8 below the paper's closed form on GYS hardware; test_gain_double_count pins the gap
COWthe analytic phase-error bound is pinned at 0.20, read off the 0.17–0.24 band of Gao et al.'s figure over 0–100 km at 2% misalignment; their bound is a function of monitoring-line decoy gains discrete.rs does not model. test_cow_phase_pinned carries the word UNVERIFIED. The pin stands for plain COW; the vacuum-decoy variant COW′ derives its phase error from the record (SDP · Bound)
SARG04the two privacy-amplification domains no published equation states (Protocol coverage). Read literally, the two-photon term credits 0.0347 bit per two-photon detection at e2=0.25. Both cutoffs return the value crediting zero rather than refusing, so a distance sweep runs through them: on the GYS row e2 passes 1/6 at 188.0 km and e1 passes 1/3 at 207.7 km

Tier B — experimental anchors, statistical ​

Pin what the paper publishes; fit what it does not, within plausible ranges; land inside the paper's stated uncertainty. Where a paper is incomplete, the target is the measured envelope, ξ≈0.005–0.03 SNU at 25 km.

  • The fitted values must be plausible, and are reported beside the match: a fit needing an absurd parameter has falsified the noise model.
  • Fit curves, not points: a scalar anchor is underdetermined.

Continuous variable ​

AnchorPinned, from the paperFree, and its rangeResultReport
Default 25 km metro link (no single source; target the measured envelope)VA=5, T=10−0.5, 16-bit DAC, 12-bit ADC, vel=0.1 trustedassumed, not fitted — verr=2×10−3 rad2 in [10−4,10−2]; RIN −155 dBc/Hz, an ordinary fibre-laser figure; B=100 MHz, set by the 100 MBaud symbol rateξ=1.09×10−2 SNU at the channel input, inside [0.005,0.03], residual phase noise the dominant rowBudget · Tier B
Hajomer et al. 2024, 100 km LLO (arXiv:2305.08156)Vmod=8.41, 15.4 dB, 16-bit DAC/ADC, η=0.68, vel=62.72 mSNU, β=0.9253 fitted — verr=7×10−4 rad2 in [10−4,10−2], between Zhang's transmitted-LO 7.6×10−5 and Qi 2015's first LLO demonstration, 0.04; RIN −155 dBc/Hz; B=100 MHz. ADC range ratio held at 10Bob-plane ξ within 1% of their 2.12×10−4 SNU; asymptotic rate ≈2.7×10−3 bit/symbol upper-bounds their finite-size 2.54×10−4Budget · Tier B
Zhang et al. 2020, six points to 202.81 km (PRL 125, 010502; arXiv:2001.02555)Table I in full — VA, ξ, ξ′, vel, β, FER, loss and SNR at six distances, from the arXiv source0 fitted. Attenuation published beside each length, inverting to 0.15988–0.16816 dB/km against their stated 0.16the asymptotic rate at each point's parameters upper-bounds their finite-size rate at all six, 1.006× at 27.27 km rising monotonically to 9.390× at 202.81 km, and 1.004–3.968× on worst-case ξ′. Their SNR column recomputes from VA, T, vel, ξ to 0.020–0.290 dB. Their measured log–log slope 1.658 is steeper than the asymptotic model's 1.266, as a compounding finite-size penalty requiresExperiments · Zhang
Hajomer, Andersen & Gehring 2025, CV-MDI over 10 km (Quantum Sci. Technol. 10, 025032; arXiv:2303.01611)Table 1 in full — VA=VB=6.5 SNU, 20 MBaud, N=4×106, ξ=39.5 mSNU at the relay, τA=1, τB=0.56, relay efficiency 0.94, β=97%0 fitted. The referral of relay-plane ξ into the arms is bracketed: all on Bob, split evenly, and betweenequivalent noise 5.6815 and a per-attack rate of 0.18042 bit/symbol, above the 0.130 bit/symbol their finite-size 2.6 Mbit/s at 20 MBaud gives; the even split gives 0.24845 and the conclusion holds across the bracket. Their phase-noise expression is budget.phase(form="literature") term for term: 12.307 mSNU at their 0.06 rad against the 12.6 printed; 12.6 inverts to 0.06071 radExperiments · CV-MDI
Hajomer et al. 2024, discrete modulation at 10 GBaud (Optica 11, 1197; arXiv:2305.19642)Table 1's four rows in full — M, VM, T, Vel, ε, β, N, both rate columns0 fittedGaussian modulation at the same variance, the M→∞ limit of their protocol, is a ceiling at 1.171×, 1.413×, 1.135× on the three lower rows and saturated at M=64: 0.11363 against their 0.115. Their SKR column is symbol rate times Rfinite, to 2.1% across all four rowsExperiments · 10 GBaud
Lvovsky et al. 2001, the measured single-photon Wigner dip (PRL 87, 050402; quant-ph/0101051)ρ11=0.553±0.013, their four efficiency factors, their Abel-reconstructed W(0,0)=−0.062 and quoted W(0,0)=−0.067±0.0160 fittedthree published measurements of the one parameter agree to 0.78%, inside ±0.013 (inversions). Their Fig. 3 caption's "negative values require η>0.5" returns exactly 0.5; reading the caption's operator definition instead of its printed function is excluded by their error bar at 2.09σExperiments · Fock

Threshold detectors and qubits ​

AnchorPinned, from the paperFree, and its rangeResultReport
Gobby, Yuan & Shields 2004, BB84-WCP over 122 km (Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 3762; quant-ph/0412171)μ=0.1 per clock, ηBob=0.045 including 5 dB apparatus loss, Pe=8.5×10−7 error counts per clock, 2 MHz clock2 fitted — α=0.21 dB/km in [0.20,0.22], spliced SMF-28 at 1550 nm; the phase-modulation floor emod bracketed in [0.0289,0.0328], both endpoints carried through every predictionvisibility 87.89% against a measured 88.4%; QBER band 8.60–8.94% brackets the measured 8.9%; 101/122 km sifted-rate ratio 2.5473 against 2.5435; dark and stray light 0.374% at their α=0.2 against "less than 0.4%"Experiments · GYS
Diamanti, Takesue, Langrock, Fejer & Yamamoto 2006, DPS over 100 km (Opt. Express 14, 13073; quant-ph/0608110)μ=0.2, 1 GHz clock, 2 dB interferometer, d=3.5×10−8 per 100 ps window, their decomposition of the measured 3.4% QBER into 1% interferometric, 1.7% dark, 0.7% jitter4 fitted — α=0.2074 dB/km in [0.20,0.22]; the pre-window reading of their stated η=0.4%, the post-window reading excluded for needing α=0.2404–0.2417; f(e)=1.16, qkd's default, which the paper never states; dead time 80 ns, the top of their 50–80 ns bandjitter-free QBER 2.691% against the 2.7% left after their 0.7% jitter share — 2.7% is nowhere in the paper, which prints only 3.4% and its three parts — split 1.726% dark and 0.965% interferometric; secure rate 168.2 bit/s against 166; their Eq. (5) dead-time factor 0.8969 against 0.8934, from a stateful scan that never sees the formula; 10 km QBER 2.16% against 2.2%Experiments · Diamanti
The same experiment, detector response modelledthe row above, plus three timing statements: 54% efficiency cost at a 100 ps window, 40% at 200 ps, the measured 3.4% QBER at 100 km3 fitted, exactly determined — core FWHM 79.335 ps, tail weight f=0.579, tail constant τ=295 ps. Three parameters, three statements: 3.4% is pinned, not predicted. A 79.3 ps core against their 66 ps optical pulse leaves 44.0 ps in quadrature for detector and electronics; τ=295 ps sits inside the 0.2–3 ns silicon diffusion-tail band; f is the weakest of the threethe test is the split of the remaining 2.692%: 0.966% interferometric against 1%, 1.726% dark against 1.7%. The 0.709% is the fit target read back, not a prediction, nor is the 3.4% total. Secure rate unmoved at 168.19 bit/sExperiments · Diamanti jitter
Stucki et al. 2009, COW to 250 km (New J. Phys. 11, 075003; arXiv:0903.3907)μ=0.5, 625 MHz clock, SSPD efficiency 2.65% at a 5 Hz noise rate, 42.6 dB over 250 km, 0.164 dB/km1 fitted — a baseline slot error, fitted at 100 km alone, bounded below 1%, landing at 0.847%1.904% at 250 km against a measured 1.9%, nothing moved in the model; the cryostat ran "particularly low" for that run, lowering the true QBER, so the agreement is fortuitous in the safe direction (misses). Key rates bounded, not reproduced: 6.3% and 6.6% of the per-click ceilingExperiments · Stucki
Korzh, Lim, Houlmann, Gisin, Li, Nolan, Sanguinetti, Thew & Zbinden 2015, COW over 307 km (Nat. Photonics 9, 163; arXiv:1407.7427)supplementary Table I column by column — five distances, block sizes, session times, secret fractions, rates — their 0.160 dB/km fibre, dark-count column and visibility2 fitted, solved at 203 and 307 km and held — receiver factor 0.186628, baseline slot error 1.1537%. The factor is detector efficiency times the splitter's data-line share; their ">20% efficiency" caps the share at 0.9331, a loose cap (scoped below 150 K; all five rows run at 153–223 K). Refitting at 153 and 307 km moves the factor 2.8% and the baseline 5.8%the two unfitted distances: 1.555% against 1.5% at 153 km, 1.700% against 2.0% at 256 km, across 26.5 dB. The climb from 1.5% to 3.5% is their published dark rate alone: halving it puts 307 km at 2.36%, doubling at 5.63%, both excluded. Their finite-key secret fraction is bounded, not reproduced — cow_rate is the plain Devetak–Winter difference where their Branciard–Gisin–Scarani expression carries an extra (1−Q) on privacy amplification, so qkd sits above by exactly Q(1−h2(eph))Experiments · Korzh
Takesue, Nam, Zhang, Hadfield, Honjo, Tamaki & Yamamoto 2007, DPS at 10 GHz over 42.1 dB (Nat. Photonics 1, 343; arXiv:0706.0397)10 GHz clock, SSPD efficiency and its 36% window cost, 50 Hz dark rate, 42.1 dB maximum loss, 105 km and 200 km points, their "approximately 4.1%" error threshold1 fitted — f(e), fixed by their threshold: dps_rate crosses zero at 4.5619% at the Shannon limit, 4.1487% at f=1.16, 4.0123% at f=1.22. Their figure selects f=1.16; the neighbours sit 0.46 and 0.09 points awaythe one experimental row where qkd and the paper evaluate the same expression — their Eq. (4) is the WTY Eq. (34). Zero crossing at 42.109 dB against 42.1 dB. 105 km: 17.42 kbit/s against a measured 17, 2.5% high; dropping the 36% window cost gives 27.3 kbit/s, a 61% excess, so the cost belongs on the efficiencyExperiments · Takesue
Lucamarini, Patel, Dynes, Fröhlich, Sharpe, Dixon, Yuan, Penty & Shields 2013, decoy-state BB84 with a biased basis (Opt. Express 21, 24550; arXiv:1310.0240)three intensities and six sifted counts, pX=1/16, 2.1×10−5 dark probability per gate, 5.25% afterpulse probability, four distances and measured rates0 fitted on the background anchor. 1 fitted on the 50 km rate — f(e)=1.0995 in [1.0,1.22] — plus 0.20 dB/km for the distance ladderthe decoy family's first reproduced observables. Dark probability over two gates plus afterpulsing on the measured u-line rate predicts a background yield of 2.9465×10−4; their 0.001-photon w line measures 2.9493×10−4 — 0.099% apart, no free parameter. decoy_bounds on their intensities returns a single-photon yield 1.09% under the infinite-decoy ceiling and phase errors above the true ones in both bases, 2.705% against 2.588% (Z), 2.028% against 1.948% (X). pX=1/16 alone gives 11.72% / 88.28% / 76.56% against their 11.7% / 88.3% / 76.6%Experiments · T12
Enzer, Hadley, Hughes, Peterson & Kwiat 2002, six-state under a simulated eavesdropper (New J. Phys. 4, 45)measured 34.0±1.4% total BER under full intercept-resend, 25% for BB84 on the same data, 1.7% undisturbed, 11%/7% partial-attack ratio, 33 s⁻¹ raw rate, 55 650 sifted bits over 94 min0 fitted on the anchor. 1 fitted on the partial-attack leg — the Brewster-slab measurement strength, never stated33.333% against 34.0±1.4% at 0.48σ, and 25.000% for BB84, both from the Bell-diagonal weights, flat in the attack angle. "BB84 has the higher yield below ~8–10%" comes out at 8.340%; "never any yield above 10–15%" brackets 11.003% and 12.619%. The fitted strength reads 0.21 from the average and 0.22 from the peak; the peak-to-average ratio is 3/2 at any strength against a measured 1.571Experiments · six-state
Jeong, Kim & Kim 2014, SARG04 against BB84 on one rig over 1.27 km (Laser Phys. Lett. 11, 095201)ηBob=0.40, α=3 dB/km at 780 nm, dark probability (3.3±0.6)×10−5 per detector, μ=0.19, figure 2 sifted-rate ladder, measured QBERs1 fitted — channel visibility, over-determined four ways at a spread of 1.97% (inversions)misalignment raises the SARG04 conclusive rate to edet/2+1/4, so at V=0.954 the SARG04-to-BB84 sifted-rate ratio is 0.5230, and all six figure 2 pairs sit above 1/2, averaging 0.52075. Their measured sifting 0.25±0.01 against BB84's 0.50±0.01 is the perfect-frame conclusive probability, exactly 1/4Experiments · SARG04
Hughes, Morgan & Peterson 1999, plain B92 over 48 km of installed fibre (quant-ph/9904038; J. Mod. Opt. 47, 533)22.9 dB attenuation, μ=0.63 and 0.39, measured visibility, 9.3% and 17.8% BERs, the fringe scan's 1102 errors in 21 524 conclusive bits1 fitted — background 1.535×10−4 per gate: 1.92×10−5 per 730 ps window, a 26.3 kHz noise rate inside their stated 10–100 kHzzero-parameter leg: visibility fixes the interferometric error at (1−V)/2=0.505%, 5.43% of their 9.3%, against their "approximately 90% of the errors are attributable to detector dark counts". Photon statistics with nothing fitted: 53.26% empty pulses against 53%, 28.21% multiphoton against 28%, 18.24% against 18%. Rates bounded, not reproduced, at 11.6% and 5.7% of the conclusive ceiling — their own position: "we have not implemented a full privacy amplification stage"Experiments · B92
Gordon, Fernandez, Townsend & Buller 2004, B92 QBER curve to 11.85 km at 100 MHz (IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 40, 900; quant-ph/0605222)180 background counts/s, 2.2 dB/km at 850 nm, nine fibre lengths, 5 ns and 9 ns QBER columns1 fitted — polarisation leakage 0.256% per beam splitter, a 25.9 dB extinction ratio, fitted at zero length alone. The published background already carries 36.1% of the 0.4% measured therethe 5 ns QBER at every length to 9.96 km, across 0.4% to 15.6%, worst miss 0.73 points. The 9 ns window shares only the dark rate and fibre loss: its zero-length fit gives 0.99474 against 0.99488 and tracks to 0.54 points. The whole climb is the published 180 counts/s (why): halving it gives 9.41% at 9.96 km, doubling 23.85%, against a measured 15.6% the published value reads as 15.72%. The 1 GHz rows are excluded, and the exam says whyExperiments · B92 curve
Naik, Peterson, White, Berglund & Kwiat 2000, E91 with a measured CHSH value beside its QBER (PRL 84, 4733; quant-ph/9912105)S=−2.665±0.019, S′=−2.644±0.019, bit error rate 3.06±0.11%, 24 252 raw key bits at 10.1 s⁻¹, 15 444 published secret bits, measured 24.551% error-correction leakage. ⚠️ The key ladder is the published PRL's; the e-print disagrees: quant-ph/9912105, its only version, prints 17 452 error-free bits compressed to 12 215 at 5.1 s⁻¹ where the row reads 18 298 / 15 444 / 6.435. CHSH values, bit error rate and the 24 252 raw block agree0 fittedthe Bell-diagonal bridge Q=(1−|S|/22)/2 joins their independent CHSH and BER measurements: mean violation reads 3.0746% against 3.06±0.11%, 0.13σ. S and S′ differ by 0.78 of their combined error bar. Their three eavesdropper statements are one: the bridge turns |SEve|≤2 into their 25% BER and S=2 into (2−2)/4=14.645% at an intercepted fraction 2−2=58.579% — their "58.6%" and "<15%". Count rate, sharing no parameter with the error model: 25.263% of pairs against Table I's 1/4, 10.105 bit/s against 10.1Experiments · E91
Ling, Peloso, Marcikic, Scarani, Lamas-Linares & Kurtsiefer 2008, an E91 rate priced by a measured violation (PRA 78, 020301(R); arXiv:0805.3629)S≈2.5 over the run, 107 bit over 9.5 hours, "around 300 bit/s", 0.5% accidental coincidences0 fittedthe violation as a depolarised singlet fixes the bit error at 5.806%, and the rate equation predicts 308.41 bit/s at the Shannon limit against a measured 292.40–300 bit/s: 2.8% headroom for their real reconciliation. Inverting 300 bit/s gives 5.899%, 0.093 points from the violation's 5.806%. BBM92 on the same data pays 813.33 bit/s against the CHSH price's 308.41, a factor of 2.637Experiments · CHSH
Honjo, Nam, Takesue, Zhang, Kamada, Nishida, Tadanaga, Asobe, Baek, Hadfield, Miki, Fujiwara, Sasaki, Wang, Inoue & Yamamoto 2008, BBM92 over 100 km (Opt. Express 16, 19118)itemised receiver chain, two brightnesses, measured back-to-back and 100 km QBERs, separately measured two-photon visibilities, sifted rates1 fitted — misalignment, from the 2.35% back-to-back QBER alone, at 0.4244%predicts 6.702% at 100 km against a measured 6.91%, 0.21 points low across 21 dB and a 3.5× brightness change. Two legs share nothing with the fit: measured visibilities give the energy-basis QBER through e=(1−V)/2 exactly at 0 km (3.100% against 3.1%) and to 0.09 points at 100 km; their Eq. (11) accidental QBER μt/(2(1+μt)) agrees with Ma, Fung & Lo's Eq. (10) to 2.2% and 5.8%, the difference their dropped finite-efficiency factor. No arXiv version: W3Experiments · pairs
Rubenok, Slater, Chan, Lucio-Martinez & Tittel 2013, MDI-QKD over deployed fibre (PRL 111, 130501; arXiv:1304.2463)Table I and the supplementary gain table — four setups across 9.1 dB, two bases, signal and decoy intensities, sixteen measured gains, X-basis error rates. The supplement prints six intensity pairs per setup, not a 3×3 grid: signal-decoy and decoy-signal cells are absent, not substituted; the ∼0.5 decoy-vacuum values (0.511(5), 0.50(1), 0.51(1), 0.502(6)) are used as printed, two sitting up to 2.2σ from the structural half. Qvv=7.1×10−10, HOM visibility 47±1%1 fitted — misalignment, from setup 2's rectilinear QBER alone, 0.028870. 1 pinned input — detector efficiency 0.145, from Chan et al., Opt. Express 22, 12716 (2014) (arXiv:1204.0738)all sixteen gains within 0.876–1.051× of measurement, mean 0.981×, nothing fitted. The fitted misalignment puts all four diagonal-basis QBERs within 0.8 points. The pinned efficiency is reproduced by this paper's data, each gain solved for it alone (inversions). Qvv inverts to a dark probability 1.884×10−5 against the companion's 1.83×10−5, 3.0% apart; dropping the two-detector factor 2 gives 1.332×10−5, 27% off. Xu et al.'s decoy bound on their diagonal gains agrees with the forward model to 2.1% at all four setups. Key rates bounded, not reproduced, at their requestExperiments · MDI
Detector attacks on deployed hardware — Lydersen et al., Nat. Photonics 4, 686 (2010) (arXiv:1008.4593); Zhao, Fung, Qi, Chen & Lo, PRA 78, 042333 (2008); Weier et al., New J. Phys. 13, 073024 (2011) (arXiv:1101.5289)Lydersen's Pnever=647 and 697 µW, Palways=808 and 932 µW on a blinded Clavis2; Zhao's Table I counts at two time shifts; Weier's Table I, seven blinding intensities against Eve's information and both QBER columns0 fittedLydersen's ratio 1.4405, below the 2 their Eq. (1) requires; CW blinding powers 397 and 765 µW. Zhao's equalising mixture: 23.031% and 3479.07 detections against 23.0% and 3479; over same-basis tables 5.681% against their overall 5.68%; the per-shift QBERs 6.135% and 5.365% come back out of the same table. Weier's seven IEB bounded from above throughout, the top point to 0.023 bit; their IEB and Bob–Eve QBER columns obey IEB=1−h(QBERBE) to 6×10−4, assertedAttacks · Threshold

The network layer ​

AnchorPinned, from the paperFreeResultReport
Sharma, Vilashini, Krishnan, Gayathri, A. K. Singh, V. P. Singh, Ramanathan, Mandayam & Prabhakar 2026, the MAQAN testbed at Chennai (Quantum Inf. Process. 25, 19; doi:10.1007/s11128-025-05031-x)five nodes, three spans, Table 1 losses and key rates, Fig. 4 raw-key time series, COW and DPS only1 fitted — effective detected-pulse rate 3.61 MHz, from Fig. 4's last daily average of 20.75 kbps over the 7.5 dB span: 0.36% of the 1 GHz clock, 11.6% of the group's 31.25 MHz COW gate rate, inside both ceilings. Plus five INVENTED, labelled so in the exam: ETA_SPAD, DARK_SPAD, VIS_DLI, MISALIGN, CLOCK, none published. Sensitivity to the first: belowevery hop clears the two thresholds their controller reroutes on. The fitted rate carried to their best span overshoots by 40.72× (misses)Network · MAQAN · Network · Tier B

One free parameter, inverted several independent ways ​

The strongest claim a one-parameter row can make: separately published quantities each pin it.

AnchorThe one free parameterIndependent inversionsSpread
Gobby, Yuan & Shields 2004fibre attenuation α. Neither printed value measures this link: "the specified value of fiber attenuation α=0.2 dB/km" is the datasheet figure of their Fig. 2 curve; the sifted-rate ladder "decreases with increasing fiber length at a rate of $\sim$0.21 dB/km" is what is fitted0.20826 (122 km visibility), 0.20941 (101/122 km sifted-rate ratio), 0.20974–0.21211 (122 km QBER)1.9%, inside [0.20,0.22], bracketing their $\sim$0.21
Diamanti et al. 2006the same0.20763 (jitter-free QBER), 0.20673 (dark-count share), 0.20799 (166 bit/s secure rate)0.61%, inside [0.20,0.22]
Jeong, Kim & Kim 2014channel visibility0.954 (their channel measurement), 0.95850 (sifted-rate ladder, a count rate, no error model), 0.94000 (BB84 QBER), 0.94737 (SARG04 QBER)1.97%
Lvovsky et al. 2001single-photon fraction ρ110.55 (marginal-distribution fit), 0.553 (pattern-function sampling), 0.548695 (their Abel-reconstructed W(0,0) through qkd)0.78%, inside their ±0.013
Rubenok et al. 2013detector efficiency, imported from a companion papersixteen inversions, one per measured gain: 0.14140 to 0.1557810.2%, straddling the companion's 0.145
Naik et al. 2000none — over-determined with no free parameterS alone 2.889%, S′ alone 3.260%, the mean 3.0746%, against a measured 3.06±0.11%bracketing the measurement, 1.55σ below and 1.82σ above
Leg carrying the argumentWhy the free parameter cannot absorb it
GYS's sifted-rate ratioa count rate, sharing no parameter with the error model, and sharp: α=0.20 gives 2.4766, α=0.22 gives 2.6045, against a measured 2.5435
Stucki's dark-count takeoverthe fitted baseline is flat in distance and cannot rise from 0.85% to 1.9%; the published 5 Hz dark rate does. It is fitted at 100 km, where dark counts are 0.0026% of the QBER. Halving the dark rate moves 250 km to 1.38%, doubling to 2.91%
Gordon's dark-count takeoverwithout the background the model is flat at 0.256% at every length to one part in 104: the climb from 0.4% to 15.6% is the published 180 counts/s
Honjo's visibilitiesmeasured separately from the misalignment fit, they give the energy-basis QBER through e=(1−V)/2 at both distances
Rubenok's sixteen gainsnothing fitted in any; the fitted misalignment enters only the error rates
MAQAN's detector efficiencyenters fit and prediction alike: sweeping it 0.1 to 0.3, wider than any InGaAs SPAD band, moves the overshoot from 40.86× to 40.57×, a 0.72% spread

The decoy row's Tier B cell is provenance, not reproduction.test_gys_tabulation traces every constant of the Tier A "GYS parameter set" to Gobby, Yuan and Shields's own measurements.

GYS constantProvenance
Y0=1.7×10−6exactly twice their per-clock error count Pe=8.5×10−7, one per interferometer port
edet=3.3%their short-distance QBER plateau
ηBob=4.5%their stated receiver efficiency
α=0.21 dB/kmthe slope of their measured sifted-rate ladder, not the 0.2 their curve is drawn at

GYS sent no decoy states, so this is theory on measured hardware, not a decoy observable. The nearest check is the MDI row: Xu, Curty, Qi and Lo's joint decoy bound on Rubenok's measured gain grid, a two-sender inversion.

GYS's $\sim$50 km limit is a model choice, not a missing number ​

GYS state that the Brassard–Lütkenhaus–Mor–Sanders condition — Bob's measured bit rate must exceed Alice's multiphoton emission rate — "imposes a limit of $\sim$50 km for the current system". At μ=0.1, pmulti=1−e−μ(1+μ)=4.6788×10−3:

ReadingConditionα=0.20α=0.21
ηBob handed to EveμηBob10−αL/10>pmultino distance — ratio 0.962 at L=0no distance
ηBob trusted, BLMS Eq. (5) as writtenμ10−αL/10>pmulti66.5 km63.3 km
the same, with BB84's 12 sifting12μ10−αL/10>pmulti51.4 km49.0 km
QuestionAnswer
Which row reads GYS's words?The third: "the bit rate measured by Bob" is the sifted raw rate they plot. It brackets $\sim$50 km from both sides across the two α the experiment supports. BLMS state Eq. (5) in the ηB=1 form and call handing ηB to Eve the "somewhat conservative" alternative — the trusted-versus-untrusted split
Does any row recover GYS's arithmetic?No. Row three adds the exact 1−e−μ(1+μ) for BLMS's μ/2 proxy and BB84's 12 sifting; BLMS's own convention lands in the sixties of kilometres. Two readings bracketing a one-digit figure reproduce the conclusion, not the calculation
What survives of the objection?GYS's sentence omits ηBob from the multiphoton side
Is $\sim$50 km a key-rate bound?No — a multiphoton-rate condition. The GLLP key-rate bound on the same parameters reaches 40.5 km with μ optimised per distance and nothing at GYS's μ=0.1. test_gys_nondecoy_deficit pins it

Diamanti's full 3.4% QBER ​

A purely Gaussian jitter is excluded by the data. Fitted to the 100 ps window statement alone it needs a 192.13 ps FWHM core, predicts 22.03% loss at 200 ps against a measured 40% — a 17.97-point miss on an unfitted number — and 0.000% jitter error against 0.7%, returning the total to the jitter-free 2.691%. The model carries a one-sided exponential diffusion tail instead. The fit: Tier B row; window loss and bin leak: Protocol coverage; the 10 km QBER: declared miss.

Declared misses ​

A prediction the fit did not reach, asserted tightly so it cannot be quietly closed.

RowThe miss, and its size
Hajomer 2024's key ratea documented tolerance relaxation: at T=10−1.54 the detection term χhet/T≈74 SNU swamps χline, so no budget fit reaches the target, even at ξ=0
GYS's sifted rate at short rangelumped collection factor 0.936 at 4.4 km against 0.655 at 101 and 122 km: the model over-predicts the long-distance rate by 1.43× relative to the short. The paper names polarisation drift, which "reduces the bit rate, but does not degrade the QBER"; qkd models no polarisation on this path, so every QBER-side prediction survives
Diamanti's 10 km sifted rate2.55 Mbit/s against a measured 2, a 28% excess needing about 1.1 dB of unpublished loss. Adding it moves the QBER from 2.16% to 2.35% against 2.2%
Diamanti's 10 km QBER with jitterunfitted, 2.795% against 2.2%. A 200 ps window accepts roughly twice the neighbour's tail while collecting 1.30× more of its own, so modelled jitter error rises from 0.71% to 1.13% between the two detector settings while their Fig. 5 baseline falls, 1.7% to 1.5%. Either the settings carry different timing responses, or part of their 0.7% is a mechanism this model lacks. Jitter-free: 2.162%, bracketing 2.2% from below
Stucki's 250 km detector statethe cryostat ran colder for that run, so the true prediction sits slightly below 1.904%: fortuitous agreement, in the safe direction
Enzer's sifting count55 650 sifted bits over 94 min at 33 s⁻¹ raw is 29.900% where three-basis sifting gives a third: a 10.3% deficit. Their words are "roughly one-third"; the <0.5% double-pair events they bound do not cover it
Jeong's absolute scalethe figure 2 ladder needs end-to-end efficiency 0.17770 where ηBob=0.40 and α=3 dB/km give 0.16636, a 6.8% excess; both printed to two figures, the ratio leg immune. The sign reads a hedged sentence: their components ηoptηdet=0.72×0.6 give 0.432, not 0.40, and at 0.432 the ladder asks 1.1% less than the optics supply. Only the printed 0.40 is asserted
Jeong's two QBERs2.502% and 4.753% against a measured ~3% and ~5%, low by 0.50 and 0.25 points. The shortfall is the paper's own — its printed closed forms carry it — and their dark-count subtraction rules background out
Hughes's second intensitybackground fitted at μ=0.63 predicts 13.31% at μ=0.39 against 17.8%, 4.49 points short; fitting the other way over-predicts the first point, 12.86% against 9.3%. Right direction, wrong size
Gordon's last two lengths22.24% and 27.14% against 24.3% and 31.8%, short by 2.06 and 4.67 points. Their raw counts fall 10.7% between 9.96 and 11.07 km (1109 to 990 per second, then 611 at 11.85) where 2.2 dB/km over 1.11 km asks 43.0%: the ladder flattens exactly where the QBER runs away. Strictly decreasing throughout, so a slope anomaly, not a non-monotonicity. The 9 ns column misses the same two points by 6.82 and 5.83
Korzh's sifted count ratethe fitted receiver supplies 0.672 and 0.689 of ncpp/tcpp at 203 and 307 km, the fit distances, where a per-click ceiling owes at least 1, and over-supplies at 104 and 256 km (1.947, 1.905). Comparing against rsec hides it by fsec≈0.3. test_korzh_ceiling pins it
Korzh's 104 km QBER1.526% against 2.40%, 0.87 points short. Closing it needs extra background of 1.84% of the detected count rate — an afterpulse probability the paper names ("for a given dead-time, the after-pulse probability increases exponentially with reducing temperatures") but never tabulates. 0.63% at 256 km and −0.11% at 153 km: all three inside an NFAD band
Lucamarini's T12 enhancementmeasured T12-over-BB84 at 50 km is 73.0% from the published pair, quoted 73.5%; the model gives 66.5%, 6.5 points short, charging error correction on the basis the counts land in. T12 puts 99.6% of its key in the noisier Z basis while BB84 splits evenly with the cleaner X, eroding the 76.6% sifting advantage further in the model
Naik's published key lengththeir 24.551% leakage then the CHSH price leaves 10 009 secret bits against 15 444 published, 64.8%. Their leakage is 1.244 times the Shannon limit at 3.06%
Honjo's count ratesifted rate falls 51.6× between the runs where the model falls 31.3×: 0 km at 0.773× their 29.4 bit/s, 100 km at 1.275× their 0.57. QBER-side predictions survive, as on the threshold-detector rows
Rubenok's rectilinear QBER drift0.0323 exactly at setup 2, where fitted, but 0.04429 against 0.053 at 18.2 dB, the deficit larger on the weaker decoy at every setup: the shape of a channel background absent from the signal, a term Ma & Razavi's model lacks
Zhang's phase-noise budget holetheir (1−κ)=7.6×10−5 accounts for 72.8% of measured ξ at 27.27 km but 7.2% at 202.81 km, against their sentence naming residual phase noise the main contribution. The other 92.8% has no row; src/tlo.rs narrows the hole without closing it (below)
The certified COW′ reach93 and 103 km against the source's 103 and 121 km, in the honest channel, not in either bound. ⚠️ The proposed repair is refuted; do not re-attempt it as written: it read sdp_gains as putting half a pulse's flux in the interference slot and claimed the whole pulse — 3 dB, about 15 km — closes the gap. Cao, Sun, Li, Lu, Yin & Chen's constructive $
MAQAN's secure key rate40.7 kbps against the 1 kbps Table 1 publishes as the network's highest: a 40.72× overshoot, unsafe for a rate prediction. qkd bounds one asymptotic pulse; the published figure is delivered finite-size key after LDPC reconciliation, privacy amplification, authentication and a distillation engine on a few-hundred-millisecond cadence, none modelled. Fitting from the March end of Fig. 4 instead of July gives 39.5×: the figure read moves the overshoot 3.0%
Declared reading or engine limit
Hajomer 2025's relay efficiencyTable 1 lists τA=1 with the relay's 94% in its own column: the calibrated-out reading the anchor uses. Charging the 94% to Eve as arm loss — conservative, the relay being untrusted — takes the equivalent noise to 6.0441 and the rate negative, −0.13405 bit/symbol
Hajomer 2024's 10 GBaud rows, untrusteddm_rate folds η and vel in as untrusted only, and at their parameters is negative on all four rows. The obstruction is the trust model, not the constellation: the same swap in the Gaussian layer costs 0.335 bit/symbol at the 64-QAM row, 2.91 times their whole asymptotic rate (refusal)
Ling's anisotropythey attribute the low S to residual distinguishability on the ±45∘ correlation, so their key basis is the clean one and the true QBER sits below the depolarising reading; the ceiling only loosens, so 2.8% is a ceiling, not an equality
Naik's privacy amplificationthe collective-attack CHSH price on their violation is 0.34178 bit per raw bit against the 0.11768 their privacy amplification charged, 2.90 times as much. Acín et al. is seven years later; the engine's key is the smaller, the safe direction

What the transmitted-oscillator module adds to two existing rows ​

Lodewyck et al. 2007 and Zhang et al. 2020 were measured on transmitted-oscillator hardware and are anchored through the locally generated engine, legitimately: both pin ξ and reach cv_rate directly. test_anchor_invariant asserts neither moves. src/tlo.rs sizes the gap those rows do not carry.

Reading
Lodewyck's delaya 108 Hz laser across their 400 ns multiplexing delay accounts for their entire measured excess noise of 0.005 SNU; anything narrower leaves the phase term a minority contributor
Zhang's delaytheir residual phase noise at their 100 Hz linewidth is a 121 ns signal-to-oscillator delay, inside the 200 ns symbol period of their 5 MHz clock: self-consistent
Zhang's sharethe phase row covers 7.2% of measured excess noise at 202.81 km: the declared miss
What the rest is worth2.6 parts per million of shot-noise unit: at 32.45 dB a unit error is referred in through 1/(ηT)
What closing it costsa part in 2.6×106 to one sigma takes about 3.9×1011 vacuum samples, 21 hours at 5 MHz. Real-time shot-noise monitoring narrows a uniform rescale as one over the root of the sample count and closes no loophole: its null is forgeable (Huang, Kunz-Jacques, Jouguet, Weedbrook, Yin, Wang, Chen, Guo & Han, Phys. Rev. A 89, 032304 (2014): the attack biases the estimate even if it is done in real time)

None of it is a Tier B green cell or re-grades either row.

Recorded but not pinned ​

Comparisons in the repository's record that are not exams.

ComparisonStanding
dm_secure against Lin & Lütkenhaus's ideal-detector curve at ξ=0.010.4214 against a published 0.4541 at 0 km, 5.979×10−3 against 6.049×10−3 at 60 km, both below — the right side for a lower bound run with fewer Frank–Wolfe iterations. Their figure data is a recovered array, which the register bars from citation as a published constant
Wen, Tamaki & Yamamoto 2009's 6.09% DPS zero crossingnamed in E1, computed in a scratch script only
Lim's Fig. 1a digitisation: reach 134.6 km at nX=104 where the text says 135; R(109)/R(107)=1.760 at 100 km where the text says ~1.75. Curves below

Lim's Fig. 1, digitised — the unclaimed Tier B target ​

At the paper's ηBob=0.10, pdc=6×10−7, pap=4×10−2, emis=5×10−3, fEC=1.16, 0.2 dB/km, ϵcor=10−15, ϵsec=κℓ. Bit/pulse:

nX0 km20 km50 km100 km140 kmmax reach
1044.47e-041.71e-044.13e-053.15e-06134.6 km
1051.58e-036.11e-041.50e-041.29e-059.13e-07156.1 km
1063.32e-031.29e-033.17e-042.87e-052.79e-06167.5 km
1075.19e-032.02e-034.99e-044.64e-055.30e-06173.2 km
1087.21e-032.81e-036.94e-046.55e-057.88e-06177.1 km
1098.85e-033.45e-038.54e-048.17e-051.03e-05179.6 km

The nX=104 row is optimisation-limited, not a formula discrepancy.

Between this and an exam
Detection modelLim's pap enters as Rk=Dk(1+pap) and papDk/2 inside ek; qkd's gains come from decoy_gain or the Papapanos form under q.DeadTime(afterpulse=…), which is why E6's detection-model typo never reached qkd
Optimisationthe curve optimises five parameters
ϵsecLim's is the fixed point κℓ; q.KeyBlock takes it as an input

Errors in published work, and the warnings beside them ​

Class
Ean error in published work
Wa claim of qkd's that did not survive checking (W1, W2), or a trap that will otherwise be read as an error (W3–W11). No W entry names a defect in anyone's paper; W10 and W11 are traps this repository walked into

Recovered data is not a published constant. Numbers digitised from a figure or decoded from its embedded vector arrays may be checked against, never cited as an anchor.

#SourceVerdictStake in qkd
E1Waks, Takesue & Yamamoto, PRA 73, 012344 (2006), Eq. (37)an inverted sign on the privacy-amplification term forces R≤0 everywhere, most negative where their Fig. 3 plots the highest rate. Confirmed independently: Wen, Tamaki & Yamamoto, PRL 103, 170503 (2009) print the corrected structure; Ramanathan et al., arXiv:2305.11822 Eq. (9) inherit the defect while contradicting their own Eqs. (4) and (7)load-bearing. qkd evaluates the corrected form, which crosses zero at e=6.09% — Wen et al.'s number — where the printed one has no crossing
E2Denys, Brown & Leverrier, Quantum 5, 540 (2021), §10a factor 2 in the ξ term of the AWGN noise-variance annotation, which should read N(0,1+Tξ/2), the heterodyne beamsplitter halving the excess noise too. Their printed SNR is correct. Confirmed against Laudenbach Eq. (6.3)none; §10 is an aside, and the SDP bound and §11 rates use the correct SNR
E3Numerical Recipes 3rd ed., gauherwrong nodes from n≈184, collapse at n=200. Reproduced against scipy.special.roots_hermitenone. The rule ships at 64 nodes with a Sturm-bracketed fallback
E4Tamaki & Lo, PRA 73, 010302(R) (2006), the SARG04 two-photon parentheticalquoted at the wrong minimiser; blind verification against the LaTeX source, single-sourcednone; not a cross-check
E5Fung, Tamaki & Lo, PRA 73, 012337 (2006), Eq. (39)a binary-entropy subscript on a conditional entropy, self-inconsistent within the paperload-bearing. src/sarg.rs implements Eq. (39)
E6Lim, Curty, Walenta, Xu & Zbinden, PRA 89, 022307 (2014)two printing errors, found by implementing the paperone load-bearing; qkd implements the corrected λEC
E7Qin, Kumar & Alléaume, PRA 94, 012325 (2016), Eq. (17)Var(XB,lin) printed at half the value their Appendix B Eq. (B14) derives; at zero displacement, where the paper states 2.1 SNU, the printed expression returns −3.2955. Five independent lines of evidence, including the authors' thesis printing it correctlyqkd.attacks's saturation family ships the corrected form, agreeing with sat_estimate to 10−14 at every displacement
E7bthe same paper, Eq. (19)a factor 2 lost under a root; the authors' commented-out LaTeX carries itsame
E7cthe same paper, the sentence before Eq. (19)a spurious 1/2 on a covariance, in the thesis too. Inertnone
E8Matsumoto, arXiv:1301.5083, introductiona 3.5% B92 depolarising threshold attributed to a paper that does not carry it; blind verification, a mis-attributionnone; not a cross-check
E9Tamaki & Lütkenhaus, arXiv:quant-ph/0308048 — the e-print's depolarising channeldrops its p/3 and is not trace-preserving. ⚠️ the published PRA 69, 032316 (2004) was not checkedsrc/b92.rs's b92_channel implements the corrected reading
E10Jouguet, Kunz-Jacques & Diamanti, PRA 87, 062313 (2013), Eq. (3)a sign error, self-inconsistent within the papernone
E11Takesue, Nam, Zhang, Hadfield, Honjo, Tamaki & Yamamoto, Nat. Photon. 1, 343 (2007), Eq. (4)confirmed in arXiv:0706.0397v1, the only version, and inconsistent with the paper's stated threshold. ⚠️ the published text was not accessiblenone. Sibling of E1, corroborating its τ−fh reading
E12Korzh et al., Nat. Photon. 9, 163 (2015), supplementary Table Irsec=ncppfsec/tcpp holds on three rows of five; the paper's Fig. 3b splits which column is at fault in eachnone; columns read individually
E13Curty, Xu, Cui, Lim, Tamaki & Lo, Nat. Commun. 5, 3732 (2014), the Γk,v,v′ equationconfirmed in v1, v2 and the published Supplementary, and inconsistent with the paper's Γk,v three equations later. Not the maximisation declared, erring in the insecure direction on most admissible rungs. No share is quoted: three scans of the same box read 39%, 57% and 89%, the criterion being antisymmetric under v↔v′load-bearing. src/mdi.rs runs the sign-correct maximisation
E13bthe same paper, the key-length equationh(ek,1) where the paper's estimator defines ek,1 as a ceilinged, capped countload-bearing. mdi_phase returns the ratio
E13cthe same paper, Claim 3 items 3–6a mismatch: log where the inversion above gives ln, bare log undefined in the paper. The "safer" half of the earlier reading is withdrawn: ln is not the wider form under base 2, the paper's convention wherever statedsrc/mdi.rs runs ln because it is the derived form
E14Xie et al., PRX Quantum 3, 020315 (2022), Table 1confirmed in v1–v3: ϵ=3623×10−10 reproduces neither printed security bound under the paper's composition; 10−10 reproduces both exactlynone; no anchor taken from that table
W1Ma, Qi, Zhao & Lo — "internal inconsistency at 10−8"withdrawn. The paper prints ≅ and states the smallness assumption in the next sentencenone
W2Gobby, Yuan & Shields — "~50 km unrecoverable"withdrawn. It reproduces at 49.0 km under a trusted-detector reading with their sifting, and is a multiphoton-rate condition, not a key-rate bound (above)none
W3Honjo et al., Opt. Express 16, 19118 (2008) — its "arXiv id"no arXiv version exists. The ids commonly attached to it and to Dynes et al. 2009 are unrelated astro-ph and instrumentation papers; the field is correctly emptynone; a trap for whoever "fixes" a missing id
W4Pirandola et al., Nat. Photon. 9, 397 (2015) — as a channel experimentit is not one. No optical channel is applied; loss is dialled into Bob's modulation depth, and its authors call it proof-of-principleits Tier A row compares against a calculation; the CV-MDI Tier B row is Hajomer et al. 2025
W5Takesue, Sasaki, Tamaki & Koashi, Nat. Photon. 9, 827 (2015) — its arXiv idarXiv:1505.07884 does not exist. The paper is arXiv:1505.07914none; a one-digit trap that propagates by copying
W6"Wang, Yin, Chen et al., PRL 114, 180502"three papers conflated. That PRL is Guan et al.; the Wang/Yin/Chen paper is Nat. Photon. 9, 832 (2015), not a PRLnone, but it is the L=65 run the RRDPS row reproduces
W7Sasaki, Yamamoto & Koashi, Nature 509, 475 (2014) — its "arXiv id"no arXiv version exists. W3's shape; W5 is what inventing one looks likenone; the bound is reachable through two papers restating it
W8"arXiv:2201.04956" as the mode-pairing paperan astrobiology paper, a near-miss id resolving cleanly to unrelated work. Mode pairing is arXiv:2201.04300none. Why the check is "does it resolve to the paper I mean, by title and authors"
W9the mode-pairing author listroutinely wrong. "Zeng, Zhou, Yin & Zhang" conflates two groups' concurrent papersnone
W10"Wang, Tamaki & Curty, npj QI 5, 64 (2019)" for arXiv:1902.02126the authors are Pereira, Curty & Tamaki, article 62. A different Wang, Tamaki & Curty paper exists; the id was right throughoutreached shipped src/, test/ and docs/; corrected
W11"arXiv:1201.6555" for the Sperling–Vogel–Agarwal click-counting POVMa polarization-optics matrix-classification paper, W8's failure mode again the same daynone: the correct id could not be recovered, so no citation was written

Pinning doubles as calibration ​

"Validate against a published experiment" and "calibrate qkd to your lab" are one operation: pin what you measured, fit the rest against multi-point data, check the fitted values are physical, then predict. explain() labels each quantity pinned, derived or default; the labels are the only difference between a calibration run and a validation run.

Invariants, not just anchors ​

Exams checking machinery rather than a paper are the rest of the report index; each report opens with its own description.

Verification of the verification ​

test/blind.py is evidence about two rows, not an anchor. src/flaws.rs and src/ekert.rs shipped with exams written by the pass that wrote the engines; the exams in blind.py were derived from the papers by a pass that never opened either source file and called _core as a black box.

FoundEffect on the board
A contradiction, the committed anchors the wrong halftwo crossover figures were pinned without the configuration producing them: both papers write their channel at tilt=−δ, the blind pass ran tilt=0. Both readings now ship, each naming its tilt in the docstring the report prints; the constants block states δ, dark rate, fEC, bracket and tilt
Confirmations at level 1the zero-flaw death at 57.855244 dB, agreeing to 0.0; flaw_triangle's maximum at δ=π/3 in closed form; both rates collapsing onto bb84_rate at zero flaw to 9.8×10−16; Pironio's 7.1% threshold at 7.1491759%
A misattribution in shipped code"yield exceeds 1 by exactly 2pd" is Pereira's, not Tamaki's, whose App. C gives 1+2.5pd−pd2. Both now appear in the exams

The test that does not run ​

gpu_fallback::test_absent_gpu_is_not_an_error, ⏭️: it asserts that with no adapter the GPU entry points raise an actionable reason. Where an adapter answers there is nothing to assert, and faking the absence would test the fake.

Where the defaults come from ​

Every numeric default in the component reference is a literature value. The CV hardware defaults are sourced below; the rest:

DefaultValueBasis
Heterodyne(eta=0.6, v_el=0.1)—a composite, not one system: Jouguet's η=0.552 came with vel=0.015 at 1 MHz; wideband systems with vel≈0.1 have higher η. Conservative
IndividualAttack(f=1.16)1.16standard DPS error-correction inefficiency
SplittingAttack(f=1.22)1.22the value Ma, Qi, Zhao and Lo optimise μ against
ClickDetector(eta=0.2, dark=1e-6)—gated InGaAs single-photon detectors at telecom wavelength. dark is per gate per detector; Link derives Y0=1−(1−pd)2
Decoy(intensities=(0.5, 0.1, 0.0))—near Ma–Qi–Zhao–Lo's μopt=0.48, with the vacuum-plus-weak second decoy their Sec. 3.3 shows optimal
Connector(loss=0.25)0.25 dB per mated pairthe mean an IEC 61753-1 grade C connector is allowed (grade B 0.12, grade D 0.50), and Thorlabs' typical mated FC/APC pair. QOSST charges inside that band: 0.23 dB per PM mating sleeve, 0.47 dB per spool connector
Splice(loss=0.02)0.02 dB per splicemeasured mean for SMF-28 Ultra spliced to itself at 1550 nm on a core-aligning splicer (Corning/AFL AN0041). A cladding-aligning v-groove splicer gives 0.03–0.04 dB; Telcordia GR-20-CORE asks for a group mean at or under 0.10
Coupling(loss=…)nonedeliberately absent
PhaseShiftKeying(states=4, alpha=0.4)—QPSK at modulation variance 2α2=0.32 SNU, inside the range Denys, Brown and Leverrier's analytic bound is tightest over

The evidence base ​

Fielded systems and one modelling paper. Each parameter is in the units and at the plane its paper states. Those disagree — Laudenbach et al. define ξ at the channel output, Jouguet et al. and the 10 GBaud work at the input, QOSST ξB "at Bob" — the classic mismatch.

SystemArchitectureParameters and results
QOSST — Piétri et al., QOSST: A Highly-Modular Open Source Platform for Experimental CV-QKD, Quantum 8, 1575 (2024), arXiv:2404.18637Locally generated LO, RF-heterodyne, 100 MBaud with RRC roll-off 0.5, single-sideband shift +100 MHz, Zadoff–Chu synchronisation (length 3989, root 5), two frequency-multiplexed CW pilot tones at 180 and 200 MHz roughly 12 dB above the quantum band. Teledyne SDR14Tx DAC (14-bit, 2 GSa/s), Teledyne ADQ32 ADC (2.5 GSa/s), Thorlabs PDB480C-AC balanced detector behind a 700 MHz analogue filterAt β=0.95, ε=10−10, 106-symbol frames: ξB=0.0095/0.0091/0.0076/0.0062/0.0072 SNU at 0 / 5 / 10 / 25 km by attenuator and a 25 km spool (5.22 dB); asymptotic 22.4/11.9/6.35/1.43/1.17 Mbit/s; finite-size 17.7/5.82/2.55/0/0 Mbit/s at N=106, positive again at 25 km for N=107–1010. Calibrated η and vel are per-setup and not tabulated, so QOSST is no source for those two
Grosshans et al. 2003 — Nature 421, 238 (2003), arXiv:quant-ph/0312016The original Gaussian-modulation demonstration: table-top, 780 nm, 800 kHz pulses, transmitted LO, homodyneVA up to 41.7 SNU; homodyne efficiency 0.81–0.84; electronic noise 0.33 SNU; 0–5.9 dB attenuation; reconciliation efficiency ≈0.78–0.80; 1.69 Mbit/s at 0 dB to 75 kbit/s at 3.1 dB. Eight bits of modulation resolution stated to hide quantisation under shot noise (16-bit converter, 12-bit digitised)
Jouguet et al. 2013, 80 km — Nature Photonics 7, 378 (2013), arXiv:1210.62161550 nm pulsed diode at 1 MHz, transmitted LO, homodyne. β=0.95 by multidimensional reconciliation, GPU-decoded multi-edge LDPCη=0.552±0.025, vel=0.015±0.002 SNU, VA tuned in real time within 1–10 SNU, ξ measured on 108-symbol blocks at 0.001–0.002 SNU, 0.007–0.008 SNU under the worst-case estimator — all channel-input referred. 25 / 53 / 80.5 km at 0.2 dB/km (5.0 / 10.6 / 16.1 dB) give above 10 kbit/s, a few kbit/s and a few hundred bit/s; finite-size at ε=10−10 on 108–109 blocks
Zhang et al. 2020, 202.81 km — PRL 125, 010502 (2020), arXiv:2001.02555NKT BasiK E15 laser at 100 Hz linewidth, 5 MHz pulsed, transmitted LO, homodyne, ultra-low-loss fibre at 0.16 dB/km. 10-bit DAC; the supplement names a 12-bit 1 GHz ADC (ADS5400)Table I: VA=14.37/14.14/14.12/14.53/14.23/7.65 SNU and ξ — at the channel input — =0.0015/0.0033/0.0049/0.0063/0.0086/0.0081 SNU at 27.27 / 49.30 / 69.53 / 99.31 / 140.52 / 202.81 km, worst-case ξ′ up to 0.0383; vel=0.1216–0.2717 SNU; η=0.6134; β=0.95–0.98 (slice plus polar codes, MET-LDPC, Raptor at the longest distance); finite key from 2.78×105 down to 6.214 bit/s. Phase compensation: 100 reference pulses per 1000 data pulses (10% overhead) at 34 dB above signal, leaving 1−κ≈7.6×10−5, κ=[E(cos⁡θ)]2; the small-angle σθ2≈7.6×10−5 rad2 is a conversion made here, not published
Hajomer et al. 2024, 100 km LLO — Sci. Adv. 10, eadi9474 (2024), arXiv:2305.08156. The closest published system to qkd's default configuration: the Tier B heterodyne anchorCW source, locally generated LO, heterodyne, frequency-multiplexed pilot, finite-size. Linewidth ≈100 Hz both ends, free-running, CFO ≈230 MHz; 100 MBaud, RRC roll-off 0.2, single-sideband shift 100 MHz, one pilot tone at 180 MHz; 16-bit DAC and ADC at 1 GSa/s on a shared 10 MHz clock; home-made balanced detector, ≈365 MHz bandwidth, ≈15 dB vacuum-to-electronic clearance; 100 km ultra-low-loss fibre at 0.146 dB/km, 15.4 dB total. Unscented-Kalman-filter phase recoveryVmod=8.41 SNU (optimised, Fig. 3), trusted efficiency τ=0.68, trusted detection noise t=62.72 mSNU, untrusted transmittance η=0.028, ξ=0.212 mSNU at the channel output, β=92.5% at FER =0.59 (rate-adaptive MET-LDPC, rate 0.05), a 109-state block with ≈9.5×108 used, δfail=10−10, finite-size SKR 25.4 kbit/s
Hajomer et al. 2024, 10 GBaud — Optica 11, 1197 (2024), arXiv:2305.19642Probabilistically shaped 16/32/64-QAM, 100 Hz CW, 8-bit AWG at 32 GSa/s with digital pre-emphasis, pilot at 8 GHz (10 GBaud) or 7 GHz (8 GBaud), integrated silicon-photonic phase-diverse receiver at η=44%, 8-bit ADC at 80 GSa/sTable 1: VM=0.87–1.03 SNU, the optimum near 1 SNU at GBaud rates; T=0.569–0.733; Vel=4.95–6.76 %SNU; ξ=1.59–7.18 %SNU at the channel input; β=0.95; N=1.6×107; finite-size SKR up to 0.746 Gbit/s at 5 km, 0.351 Gbit/s at 10 km
Qi et al. 2015 — PRX 5, 041009 (2015), arXiv:1503.00662First locally-generated-LO demonstration: pilot-aided feedforward phase recovery, two free-running commercial lasers, 25 kmresidual phase-noise variance 0.04 rad2, the upper end of the verr plausibility range
Chin et al. 2021 — npj Quantum Inf. 7, 20 (2021), arXiv:2002.09321Unscented-Kalman-filter phase tracking over 20 km at 50 MBaud, quantum band at 60 MHz, pilot at 130 MHz, LO offset ≈200 MHzthermal state ⟨n⟩=2.73 (VA=5.46 SNU), η=0.84 trusted, t≈0.022 photons. Excess noise held at ≈2×10−3 photons (channel output) down to pilot SNR ≈4 dB with a 100 Hz laser, and ≈7 dB with a 10 kHz laser at best e<0.01 — the basis of Laser(linewidth=10e3)
Laudenbach et al. 2018 (modelling reference) — CV-QKD with Gaussian Modulation: The Theory of Practical Implementations, Adv. Quantum Technol. 1, 1800011 (2018), arXiv:1703.09278The canonical statement that ξ is assembled from hardware parameters; its Section 9 term list is what the budget engine implements, each term at its own planeWorked example (Fig. 10.2: B=250 MHz, 10 kHz linewidths, CMRR 30 dB, NEP 4.5 pW/Hz, 10-bit ADC, RINLO=1.4×10−7 /Hz, RINsig=8×10−11 /Hz, PLO=8 mW, T=0.1, Vmod=6 SNU, ⟨nPT⟩=600) yields ξtot=0.0653 SNU at the channel output, ξdet≈0.0396, some 60%. Two derived requirements used as defaults: ≥6 ADC bits at T=0.1 (≥3 at T=0.9); at T=0.1, ξ=0.01 SNU, reconciliation efficiency above ≈0.96

Every hardware default, with its source ​

"Range seen" is what the systems above report, in their units and planes.

Parameter (component)SymbolRange seen in experimentsqkd defaultCitation for the default
Laser linewidth (q.Laser, q.LocalLO)Δν100 Hz (fibre lasers: Zhang, both Hajomer papers) to 10 kHz (ECL, workable with UKF: Chin)10 kHz — commodity ECL; 100 Hz is the hero-experiment choice, offered as a presetChin 2021, 10 kHz viable with a UKF, arXiv:2002.09321; Laudenbach's worked example, 10 kHz, arXiv:1703.09278; 100 Hz: arXiv:2001.02555, arXiv:2305.08156
Modulation variance (q.GaussianModulation)VA (SNU)1–10 (Jouguet, tuned in real time); 8.41 (Hajomer 100 km, optimised); 7.65–14.5 (Zhang); 0.87–1.03 (10 GBaud); 41.7 (Grosshans 2003)5.0 SNU — mid metro-link optimum; must stay exposed to an optimiserJouguet's 1–10 range, arXiv:1210.6216; Hajomer's optimisation curve, Fig. 3, arXiv:2305.08156
Symbol rate (q.Alice)fsym0.8–5 MHz (pulsed transmitted-LO era) → 50–100 MBaud (LLO: Chin, Hajomer, QOSST) → 8–10 GBaud (integrated)100 MBaudQOSST, arXiv:2404.18637; Hajomer, arXiv:2305.08156
Pilot arrangement (q.Pilots)—1–2 CW tones frequency-multiplexed into the same sideband; QOSST 2 tones at 180/200 MHz, ≈12 dB above the quantum band; Hajomer 1 tone at 180 MHz; Zhang (transmitted LO) time-multiplexed, 10% of pulses, +34 dB1 tone at 180 MHz, +12 dB — an order of magnitude, not a measured constant. A pilot-to-signal power ratio in dB, since a fraction describes only time-multiplexed reference pulsesQOSST's ≈12 dB pilots, arXiv:2404.18637; Zhang's reference-pulse scheme, arXiv:2001.02555
Detector efficiency (q.Homodyne, q.Heterodyne)η0.552 (Jouguet) / 0.6134 (Zhang) / 0.68 (Hajomer 100 km, trusted part) / 0.81–0.84 (Grosshans 2003) / 0.44 (integrated 10 GBaud)0.6Jouguet's η=0.552, arXiv:1210.6216; Zhang's η=0.6134, arXiv:2001.02555
Electronic noise (q.Homodyne, q.Heterodyne)vel (SNU)0.015 (Jouguet, 1 MHz pulsed) / 0.12–0.27 (Zhang) / 0.063 (Hajomer 100 km) / 0.05–0.068 (10 GBaud) / 0.33 (Grosshans 2003)0.1 SNU — clearance C=1+μ/vel of 11, 10.4 dB, homodyne (μ=1) and 21, 13.2 dB, heterodyne (μ=2). Receiver-dependent; quote which. Hajomer's ≈15 dB is a cross-check only under a stated μHajomer's t=62.72 mSNU, arXiv:2305.08156; Zhang's vel column, arXiv:2001.02555; clearance defined at Eqs. (9.95)–(9.96) and inverted at (9.97), arXiv:1703.09278v3, v3 only
DAC resolution (q.IQModulator)bits8 (10 GBaud AWG) / 10 (Zhang) / 14 (QOSST) / 16 (Hajomer 100 km)16Hajomer's 16-bit 1 GSa/s DAC, arXiv:2305.08156
ADC resolution (q.ADC)bits8 (10 GBaud) / 10 (Chin's oscilloscope) / 12 (Zhang, supplement) / 16 (Hajomer); ≥6 required at T=0.1 by the model12Zhang's 12-bit ADS5400, arXiv:2001.02555; the bit-requirement curve, Fig. 10.4a, arXiv:1703.09278
Fibre attenuation (q.Fiber)α (dB/km)0.2 (SMF-28: Jouguet's 16.1 dB over 80.5 km; assumed in the 10 GBaud work); 0.146–0.16 (ultra-low-loss: Hajomer, Zhang)0.2 dB/km; ultra-low-loss as a presetJouguet, arXiv:1210.6216; Hajomer's 0.146, arXiv:2305.08156
Reconciliation efficiency (q.Asymptotic, q.FiniteSize)β0.78–0.80 (Grosshans 2003) → 0.95 (Jouguet, QOSST, 10 GBaud) / 0.925 at FER 0.59 (Hajomer) / 0.95–0.98 (Zhang, SNR-dependent)0.95 — the throughput is (1−FER)β; Hajomer's best β arrived with FER 0.8 and a lower keyJouguet's β=0.95, arXiv:1210.6216; Zhang's β-versus-SNR curve, Fig. 7, arXiv:2001.02555; Hajomer's β/FER trade, arXiv:2305.08156
Excess noise — an outputξchannel input: 0.001–0.008 (Jouguet, measured and worst-case), 0.0015–0.0086 (Zhang), 0.016–0.072 (10 GBaud); at Bob: 0.006–0.0095 (QOSST); channel output: 0.000212 over 100 km (Hajomer)a validation target, not a default: a 25 km default run lands at ξ≈0.005–0.03 SNU, channel-input referred. An assembled ξ outside the envelope falsifies the models, not the envelopeevery row above and the QOSST benchmark table, arXiv:2404.18637; tabulated by plane under the measured envelope
Finite-size defaultCross-check
ε=10−10uniform across Jouguet, QOSST and Hajomer (δfail=10−10; a 6.5-sigma worst case in Zhang and the 10 GBaud paper): the literature value
N=109key-producing blocks at metro distances are 107–109. QOSST's zero-key rows at N=106 over 25 km are the natural res.key_rate == 0 regression, named below

Where a default is deliberately absent ​

Arguments where a plausible default was available and declined.

ArgumentWhy no default
Coupling.lossan order of magnitude across mode-crossing interfaces (values)
PhaseBound.e_phase, FiniteSize.fercomponent reference
dm_holevo(bits=…)discrete modulation
BellDetector.eta, .v_ela relay detector defaulting to perfect is an idealisation nobody chose, and flatters the topology: relay imperfections fold into the arms as loss and noise Eve holds
CorrelatedEnvironment.x, .pno neutral correlation
State.thermal_loss(ref=)the plane is always named
a qkd.fock cutoff for a negativity volumethe cutoff is part of the state

What is not anchored yet ​

Unbuilt anchorState
Joint curve fitsTier B exercises the budget engine at fixed configurations. Zhang's six points are each read at their own parameters, not fitted jointly with bounded free parameters. Jouguet's distances are untouched
QOSST zero-key regression at N=106, 25 kmnot built
Lim's Fig. 1, end to enddigitised and compared, never pinned (the three missing pieces)
A full unpinned Gaussian runits derived ξ must land in the measured envelope
A vacuum+weak decoy field experimentLucamarini's T12 is three-intensity biased-basis. The vacuum+weak set of Ma, Qi, Zhao and Lo's Sec. 3.3, which the Tier A anchor is written against, has no measured counterpart
COW and BB84-WCP Tier B rows end to endassembled from closed forms, not run through the sampled paths: the sampled train reproducing GYS's measured QBER, a simulated COW data line reproducing Stucki's